This blog entry is anti-religious in nature. Sensitive reader discretion advised.
It struck me earlier — and I’m sure I’m not even remotely unique in this — that the evolution of a lie is every bit as real and every bit as applicable to Darwin’s laws as the evolution of a species, if not quite as complex, nor elegant.
To explain this further, let’s look at the points which make a lie a good lie, in no particular order. A good lie,
- can be elaborated upon, even haphazardly so
- is believable
- is told with conviction
- comes from a “reliable” source (the more reliable, the better)
- cannot be (easily) disproven (the harder, the better)
(beyond these basic points, there are two additional points which explicitly revolve around “keeping the lie alive”)
- is interesting (people want it to be true)
- can be successfully and simply (the simpler the better) “proven” through other lies (the more the better)
Let’s take a few (silly, perhaps) examples of lies which fail one or several of the above, making use of James and Hanna, a happy couple who happens to be lying to each other all the time.
James comes home at 1.30 am, and he got off work at 9.00 pm. He smells of alcohol.
James: Honey I’m home.
Hanna: Dude, where’ve you been? Work ended hours ago, didn’t it?
James: Yeah, well, I uh… was working… um… overtime…
The story in its simplicity is like something out of any couple’s lives. James is obviously lying, or hiding something, simply because he is speaking without conviction (#3). Without a background check we can’t say for sure, but there might be a case of breaking #4 (reliable source) as well, if James does this often enough. #2 (is believable) fails simply because #3 and #4 fails, but this isn’t always the case.
James, who in this scenario never, ever lies, comes home and excitedly opens his mouth.
James: Hanna, my god, you have no idea who I just met outside! I just met ELVIS, babe, can you BELIEVE it?
Hanna: Not really, no.
Here we have a more “solid” story, in a sense. It can be elaborated upon (#1), it’s definitely told with conviction (#3), it comes from a reliable source (#4), and it cannot be easily disproven (#5) (I mean, Elvis might not be there when Hanna takes a look, but that might just mean Elvis took off somewhere), it’s probably rather interesting (#6), and nothing is to say that Harry can’t “recall” having seen Elvis on other occasions, or that he might recall having heard someone else say THEY saw Elvis, etc (#7). It does however fail simply because it’s not believable (#2). It’d take an idiot, but I’m sort of excluding idiots from this. What’s more intriguing to me is when large numbers of intelligent people believe a lie, than when a bunch of drooling goons do.
Anyway, let’s look at another example.Here we’re also introducing Harry and Rebecca, and you’ll soon see why.
Rebecca and Harry are eating dinner.
Rebecca: Harry, there’s something I need to tell you.
Harry: What, dear?
Rebecca: Last night, I heard yelling coming from the neighbor.
Harry: Mmhm?
Rebecca: So I went and took a look through the window.
Harry: Oh? Did you see anything?
Rebecca: No, it was too dark, but I think the neighbor beat his wife.
Harry: Oh, really! That’s horrible!
Rebecca: Isn’t it though!
Later, Harry and Hanna at the office.
Harry: So it seems my neighbor is beating his wife.
Hanna: What? You serious? Did you call the police?
Harry: No, not yet, but I’m going to keep an eye out and if I see him do it I’m not going to hesitate.
Hanna: Damn bastard.
Later, at Hanna’s and James’s.
Hanna: Harry’s neighbor is a fucking wife beater.
James: What? This day and age, that kind of shit still goes on, huh?
Hanna: Oh yeah, apparently. Poor woman. And the kids must live a nightmare.
James: No doubt they must. Somebody should do something.
Sort of long, but the point is, we don’t know whether the neighbor is in fact beating his wife or not, since ultimately, Rebecca never actually did see anything. All she heard were yells, and yelling doesn’t equal domestic violence in any court anywhere (that I know of, but don’t quote me on that one). However, Rebecca didn’t really lie to Harry, and Harry didn’t really lie to Hanna, and Hanna didn’t really lie to James, but ultimately it might be one big fat lie altogether, and the neighbor is now painted a fucking wife beater because of it. Let’s propose this is a lie, and see 1) if and/or how it evolves, and 2) whether it “qualifies” according to the 7 rules I dictated above. Let’s start with the latter.
- can be elaborated upon, even haphazardly so — definitely yes. More below.
- is believable — check!
- is told with conviction — check!
- comes from a “reliable” source (the more reliable, the better) — well, presuming none of the involved happens to be a big liar, sure
- cannot be (easily) disproven (the harder, the better) — this one is the weakest link in the chain, and will eventually be the demise of this lie’s evolution (or if it weren’t a lie, the confirmation of a truth). at some point, somebody will be calling the cops, or somebody will get really angry and confront someone and the thing will be resolved. In some rare instances it is never resolved, but those are rather rare.
- is interesting — arguably but yes; for a boring office worker I’m sure it makes the day look a little more colorful, for a moment
- can be successfully and simply (the simpler the better) “proven” through other lies (the more the better) — definitely yes; Rebecca and/or Harry could hear more sounds or see things that they weren’t entirely sure they saw, and they could retell that to everyone and the lie would evolve and grow.
And I believe that’s exactly what we see here. A lie that is evolving. But it’s evolving in a very simplistic fashion, and Darwin has very little to do with things. It’s got much more to do with people simply hearing what they want to hear, and people spicing up a story or skipping boring details from a past conversation just to have a more interesting story.
So with all this said, the life span of the lie in all the examples above is, well, extremely short. It’s a matter of minutes, hours, up to a few weeks, maybe a year at best. A really intriguing phenomenon to look at, however, is the evolution of a lie through years and years, decades, centuries, millennia, and how that lie gradually manifests into one, usually large, comprehensive lie with thousands of intertwined lies keeping its very core alive.
Let’s say that somebody in ancient times suddenly begins to tell people around him that the constellations in the sky are gods. Let’s say his story is very simple. He tells a simple story about how Teur, a god of lightning, lives in the sky and sees the people below. Maybe he tells this to a child who’s misbehaving, saying that the frightening big god Teur will eat him for breakfast if he doesn’t shapen up, and then perhaps others want to hear of the god and so he might suddenly find himself telling about Teur to the entire village by the fire late at night, pointing up at the constellation. The people might be skeptical about it, and give him weird looks, but the longer they look, the more they find that the constellation does indeed look a bit like a big person holding a lightning bolt. They might ask him where he found out about this god that they had heard nothing about before, and he might simply smile mysteriously at them and say nothing.
Then a thunderstorm arrives, and he shouts that the god Teur is angered at the people for not believing enough, and some might believe while others remain skeptical. But it’s so interesting the younger ones think, so they want to believe. As the years pass, and as this somebody who began talking about Teur has passed away, others step up and spin upon the tale, adding new heroes or villains to the story, and pointing their constellations out on the starry sky. This is truly where things become interesting, but I want to take a moment to look at the 7 rules first.
- can be elaborated upon, even haphazardly so — hand in glove
- is believable — well, with the human desire to understand the world around them, and the time setting (ancient time) and its inability to confirm how things really do work, yes, definitely pass
- is told with conviction — this is simple: if it wasn’t told with conviction, nobody would listen, and the story would die with its storyteller. in this case, our somebody simply happened to be convincing in how he told his story, and through his conviction — and nothing else — did the story survive his passing
- comes from a “reliable” source (the more reliable, the better) — I believe this ties firmly into #3 in this case — a person who is a known liar will simply not be believed, and in this case, the lie was believed, so we simply have to presume that our storyteller wasn’t the lying kind
- cannot be (easily) disproven (the harder, the better) — said in #2, but the time setting makes it impossible to disprove — 100% passed
- is interesting — absolutely. to draw a parallel — we, to this very day, find the Greek mythology quite interesting as a story all by itself, and this story happens to be quite similar to the Greek mythology (a rip-off, one might say).
- can be successfully and simply (the simpler the better) “proven” through other lies (the more the better) — oh yes, and as I mentioned right at the end, the story was “spun upon” and elaborated from its simple core form into a bigger and more epic tale by other storytellers.
Now is where the true evolution begins. The story is now rather spread throughout not only the village where it originated, but to the surrounding villages as well, and now, people in various places are adding to the story from inspiration or boredom or whatever else. Now, people of ancient times might be gullible in comparison to people of our times — obviously — and one might even argue that people didin’t actually believe in their various gods or the various stories about said gods, but they simply listened because it was the entertainment of that time. I’d argue against that for various reasons* but regardless, the people might be gullible but they weren’t stupid. When someone stood up one evening and started telling about Teur’s pet dinosaur Hagrid the Muffin-muncher upon whom Teur rode about slaying bad people, the listeners most likely ignored the tale, or they might even get a little nervous about the disrespectful manner in which the storyteller lied about the god.
(* but the most prominent argument is simply that there were rules to follow and things to do to appease the gods, and whenever there was a particularly harsh winter or particularly dry spring, and greeds died and people starved, the people were blamed and did blame each other for their lack of faith or lack of sacrifices to their gods — so it doesn’t simply end at “entertainment”)
I’m sure that fairly soon after Teur’s epic tale (from here on referred to as TET) began spreading, people were beginning to be careful about what they said, so as to not upset their audience. Even still, a lot of “branches” of the imaginary tree which we call TET would end up “wilting” before long. They might survive a single night or a week or maybe even years, but as decades pass, and as people keep telling stories regarding TET, the most stable, the most successful, the most evolved stories would be the only ones left, and with time, the weak links would gradually be wittled away from a story that, at this point in time, many years after the last person who heard the very first story from TET told for the very first time had passed away, had become truth — undeniable truth — to the people.
The “truth” is undeniable not only because it is so damn rock solid at this point, with the evolution and refining process it’s been undergoing for, at this point, hundreds of years, but it’s also undeniable because it, in and of itself, requires that the people believe. It contains something outside of the 7 rules I put up above — namely the aspect of “requiring belief, or else”. If you don’t believe and then a week later, your pet pig Punky falls down from the hay stack and breaks his neck, everybody around you will point fingers and tell you, and everyone else, what happens to the disbeliever. Every misfortune, no matter how circumstantial or random, will be seen as a sign from Teur’s great palace up on the sky, that you be careful what you wish for. If, god forbid, a draught or other natural disaster would struck, ill-timed with your thoughtlessly spoken “I don’t really believe in a big dude in the sky holding a lightning and having 5 billion kids and whatever else”, you might find yourself sacrificed to pacify the very god you disbelieve in.
As a side note, one might wonder why a lie like this necessarily requires that people “must” believe or “must” do this and that in the “or else dot dot dot evil omen” fashion, and that’s simply out of two reasons. 1) It’s simply good for the survival of the lie itself — that one must believe in it, and 2) it’s great to make people do things; a parent who’s got an obnoxious kid might say that Teur has a habit of slapping inobedient kids over the head with his lightning bolt, leaving them bold like old men for the rest of their lives, simply to make their kid listen, and a ruler might say that Teur has a habit of slapping disloyal farmers over the head with his lightning bolt, leaving them, well, dead like a rock, simply to make the people more “tame”. Give a bag of candy to a kid and the bag won’t remain closed. Or full. It simply works that way.
Then one day, this undeniable “truth” prospers more than ever, as its grip on the people is stronger than ever, as it, in its natural progression through time, has evolved and evolved into this rock solid fact, is torn down, simply because someone somewhere made some calculation or realization that was revolutionary. But it doesn’t usually go down without a fight, this lie, because with its evolution through time, it’s no doubt encountered countless times where people have “refuted” it or where people have bumped into surrounding cultures with their own lies, wherein a “lie versus lie” epic battle occured and the lie somehow came out top-side. The lie isn’t new to fighting to survive, and it does so using any means possible. So this rather intelligent lass or lad who calculated or realized what would clearly mark the end of Teur’s reign, now probably finds her/him rather unwelcome in most places. People simply don’t want to listen. Even if they do, they would either get angry about the obviously disrespectful tone in which said scholar spoke about the gods, or they would get afraid, or whatever else, but who in their right mind would readily tear down the walls which contain their understanding of the universe, just because some freaking scholar said their universe is wrong. Noone. Not a soul.
But the lie would eventually and inevitably fall, as science took its place and explained what was unexplainable in the past. And this latter part is most likely quite close to how the Greek mythology was “ended” as an actual religion in the minds of the people (I’d have to look it up — it’s possible that the Greek mythology, just like the Norse mythology, was devoured by a more powerful and stable religion).
Even to this day, we see lies that have evolved through the millennia, simply because they cannot be proven in the same manner that Teur being a big giant glowing bunch of dots in the sky could be. Even if parts or huge chunks of one of these lies was frankly and flat out disproven, the core would remain, simply because it cannot with any amount of science or any amount of thinking, be logically or otherwise disproven. It’s a perfect lie, a lie evolved into a form that takes it beyond a lie into something much more, something much deeper — a religion.